The computer generations

 The computer has been divided into five generations on the basis of technology.

The five computer generations

1. First-generation (1945 - 1955)
2. Second generation (1955 - 1964)
3. Third generation ( 1964 - 1975)
4. Fourth generation (1975 - 1989)
5. Fifth-generation (1989 To present)

The first computer generation

       1. First generation(1945 - 1955):-The first generation of computers is believed to have started in 1945.Vacuum Tube technology was used in this generation.

This first-generation has the following features:-

• According to that time, the computer used to perform calculus at very high speed.
• Vacuum Tube technology was used in the generation.
• They were very large in size.
• These used to be difficult to operate.
• They used to use electricity more.
• In this magnetic tape and punch card were used as a memory
• Machine language was used in it.
• Their maintenance was difficult.

The second computer generation

       2.Second generation (1955 - 1964 ):-The beginning of the second generation is considered from 1956              to 1964.Transistor was used in this generation. Which was developed by William Shockley in 1947.

The features of the second generation:-

•  The ability of this generation computer work was much greater than the first generation.
• Transistor Technology was used in it.
• Their size was reduced because a transistor was used in it.
• It used to be lass hot
• In this assembly and high label, the language was used.
• They were easy to operate.
• In this, magnetic tape was used as memory.

The third computer generation.

     

      3.Third generation (1964 - 1975):- The beginning of the third generation of computers is considered since 1964.IC was being used in this generation. The full name of IC is the Integrated circuit. The IC  was developed in 1958 by Jack Kilby.

The features of the third generation:-

• They used to work at very high speed from the first and second generations.
• IC Technology (SSI) was used in it.SSI's full name is Small Scale Integration.10 to 20 elements were installed on this chip.
• These computers were very reliable.
• They were very small in size.
• The high-level language was used for programming in it.
• This magnetic disk was used as memory.
• We could easily move them from one place to another place.

The fourth computer generation:-

Fourth generation:-The introduction of the fourth generation of computers is considered from 1975 to 1989. Modern technology of IC was being used in this generation. This technology of IC was VLSI, its full name is very large-scale integration. On this chip, ten to twenty thousand components were mounted on a chip, due to which the speed of the third generation was very high relative to the characteristics of the fourth generation.

• They used to work at a much higher speed than the third generation.
• IC technology (VLSI) was used in it. very large scale integration is 10000 to 20000 elements were installed in this chip.
• In this, magnetic disks were used as memory.
• They used electricity very rarely.
• They were small in size.
• These computers were very reliable.
• we could easily move them from one place to another place.
• The high-level language was used for programming in it.

The fifth computer generation:-

the fifth generation:-The fifth generation of computers is considered to have started in 1989. In this generation, the modern technology of IC was being used this technology IC was ULSI it full name is ultra large scale integration. More than ten crore components were mounted on this chip due to which the speed of the fourth generation was relatively high.

 

Features of fifth-generation:-

• A high-level language is used for programming in this which is more simple. The GUI interface is used in these languages.
• IC technology (ULSI)was used in it. Ultra large-scale integration. More than 100 million elements are installed on this chip.
• They worked much faster than the fourth generation.
• They were very small in size. Which we can run by keeping it on the dock and play.
• These computers were very reliable.
• They were easy to maintain and easy to operate.
• They used electricity very rarely.
• We could easily move them from one place to another place.
• In this magnetic disks and chips were used as memory.